7/01/2006

Safflower (benibana) and RED

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Safflower (benibana)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Mid-Summer
***** Category: Plant


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Explanation

Safflower, beni no hana 紅の花、紅花, 紅藍花, 紅粉花
..... suetsumu hana 末摘花
saffron flower, サフラワー
Carthamus tinctorius, benihana, benibana

This flower originates in South and West Asia and was introduced by Korean Buddhist monks to Japan in the 6th and 7th century. Lately it is often grown for its oil. The most importand growing area is the Yamagata prefecture, where the "Safflower Festival" (benibana matsuri 山形紅花まつり) is held every year in July.

It flowers in June and July, almost looking like a thistle (azami).
Formerly, the red extract from the flower was used for cosmetics and dyeing. The name is already mentioned in the "Tales of Genji".


光源氏は末摘花の琴の音を立ち聞きした後、頭中将と左大臣邸へ行く。


http://www.nijl.ac.jp/~t.ito/HTML/R1.4.1_Kanako06.html

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Safflower
is a highly branched, herbaceous, thistle-like annual, usually with many long sharp spines on the leaves. Plants are 30 to 150 cm tall with globular flower heads (capitula) and commonly, brilliant yellow, orange or red flowers which bloom in July. Each branch will usually have from one to five flower heads containing 15 to 20 seeds per head. Safflower has a strong taproot which enables it to thrive in dry climates, but the plant is very susceptible to frost injury from stem elongation to maturity.

Traditionally, the crop was grown for its flowers, used for colouring and flavouring foods and making red and yellow dyes, especially before cheaper aniline dyes became available, and in medicines. For the last fifty years or so, the plant has been cultivated mainly for the vegetable oil extracted from its seeds.

Safflower oil is flavorless and colorless, and nutritionally similar to sunflower oil. It is used mainly as a cooking oil, in salad dressing, and for the production of margarine. It may also be taken as a nutritional supplement. INCI nomenclature is Carthamus tinctorius

There are two types of safflower that produce different kinds of oil: one high in monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) and the other high in polyunsaturated fatty acid (linoleic acid). Currently the predominant oil market is for the former, which is lower in saturates and higher in monounsaturates than olive oil, for example.

© wikipedia.org

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Look at more flowes here !

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There is even a Japanese doll with cloth safflowers :
紅緒ちゃん

http://www5d.biglobe.ne.jp/~f-doll/page127.html


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A Film about this flower
"Only Yesterday" おもひでぽろぽろ, a Studio Ghibli production created by both Isao Takahata and Hayao Miyazaki
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Only_Yesterday


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The color RED in Japanese Culture

The color red is first mentioned in Chinese chronicles, when Princess Himiko send woven robes at presents to the court.

kooseiken 絳青縑(こうせいけん) "red and green robes"

The red color KOO 絳 was produced dying with akane red.


shutan 朱丹 mix of crimson and red

taisha たいしゃ色, 代赭 #bb5520
soho 赭 an old name for red
masoho, masuo, masoo 真赭 red earth (with mercury sulfide)
shado しゃど【赭土】red ocher (ocre), terra rosa

Painting the body with red earth (akatsuchi 赤土 / 赭土) would protect the person from misfortune.

entan 鉛丹色 (えんたんいろ) #ec6d51 . mixture with lead, trilead tetraoxide


Reference : Japanese color table with # numbers


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kurenai くれない【紅】 crimson red, deep red
kure no ai 呉の藍 turned kurenai (meaning indigo from ancient China)
shinku 真紅 / 深紅 deep scarlet
Carthamus tinctorius

nisekurenai 偽紅 "false kurenai" died with
akane あかね【茜】 (Rubia akane Nakai) instead of safflower

kara kurenai からくれない 唐紅/ 韓紅 "crimson from China"
a rather dark crimson


beni no ame 紅の雨 "crimson rain" rain on beautiful blossoms
beni no namida 紅の涙 "crimson tears" bloody tears
these two words are not often used in haiku.

Beni lipstick made in the cold
(kanbeni 寒紅, ushibeni 丑紅)




enji えんじ【臙脂】dark red
#b94047


hanezu iro はねずいろ唐棣花色/ 唐棣色(はねずいろ)light pink
#f0908d


suou iro 蘇芳色(すおういろ)"sappan wood red"
#973C3F

toki iro 鴇色 ときいろ / 朱鷺色 pink
#F5C9C6



. akane 茜草 (あかね) madder, Indian Madder
lit. "red root"
The plant was introduced from China in the Heian period.
It was very popular and there are poems in the Manyo-Shu poetry collection about
akane sasu 茜さす shining madder red
and refers to the daytime sunshine.


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. Aoni Yoshi 青丹よし Aoniyoshi
"the green and cinnabar is good"
 

. Niutsuhime 丹生都比女
She is related to cinnabar (shu 朱) and then mercury.
Tanden 丹田 the Cinnabar field


. Bengara ベンガラ red pigment
from Fukiya town 吹屋, Okayama


. Smallpox and the color Red   


. Why is Daruma always RED ?



. The Red Fuji, Akafuji, 赤冨士  


. red dragonfly, aka tonbo 赤蜻蛉


. Red autumn leaves 紅葉 momiji

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Auspicious food

. Red Beans, "small beans" (azuki 小豆 )  

. sekihan 赤飯(せきはん) "red rice"  
cooked for celebrations



hi no maru 日の丸 Japanese flag

. Japanese Flag Bentoo (hi no maru bentoo 
日の丸弁当)
 





. Koohaku 紅白 red and white, an auspicious combination  


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Worldwide use



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Things found on the way


safflower oil, benibana abura 紅花油
salad oil, べにばなサラダ油

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The Benibana Museum (The Safflower Museum)
From the Horigome Residence of a Wealthy Farmer to the Museum
(豪農堀米邸から資料館へ)

This Benibana Museum was once the residence of Shirobe Horigome (堀米四郎兵衛) - a wealthy farmer around this area in Edo period. The total of the farm land was about 80 ares of the land and the residence had 6 warehouses and 7 wood-made warehouses. But, up to now, the most of the warehouses and the dwellings were withdrawn because of their advanced ages. But even now about five thousands of stuffs of the weapons and life necessities and old documents were preserved.
In 1982 after the Town was donated these historic stuffs and properties, they restored and consolidated them in a good order. The Town opened them as "the Benibana Museum" in May, 1984.

source : benibana/bunken

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HAIKU




source : www.po-holdings.co.jp
cosmetic tools for the aristocracy of the Edo period


まゆはきを俤にして紅粉の花
mayuhaki o omokage ni shite beni no hana

reminiscent
of eyebrow brushes –
safflower blossoms

Tr. Haldane

Oku no Hosomichi, Obanazawa
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


. hake 刷毛 craftsmen's brush, brushes .

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Related words

***** Annemone, Benibana Okinagusa 紅花翁草



. kigo : LIPSTICK from Benibana
kanbeni 寒紅 かんべに "crimson lipstick made in the cold"
ushibeni 丑紅(うしべに) "bull lipstick"


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6/19/2006

Rose (bara) - primrose

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Rose (bara)

***** Location: Japan, worldwide
***** Season: Various, see below
***** Category: Plant


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Explanation

The genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae.
There are various kinds of roses with kigo in all seasons.

primula, see below

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kigo for early spring

rose buds, bara no me 薔薇の芽 (ばらのめ)


kigo for late spring

chooshunka 長春花 (ちょうしゅんか) China rose
Rosa chinensis
chooshunka 月季花(ちょうしゅんか)
shikisaki bara 四季咲薔薇(しきざきばら)"rose flowering in all seasons"
kooshin bara 庚申薔薇(こうしんばら)
. . . CLICK here for Photos !


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rose, bara 薔薇 (ばら)
kigo for early summer

soobi 薔薇(そうび), shoobi しょうび
(when reading the kanji in Chinese reading, as in the Kokin Wakashu and other old poetry books)
rose blossoms, hanabara 花ばら(はなばら)

fragrance of roses, bara kaoru 薔薇香る(ばらかおる)
rose petals scattering, bara chiru 薔薇散る(ばらちる)

rose garden, rose park, bara en 薔薇園(ばらえん)


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akibara 秋薔薇 (あきばら) rose in autumn
aki no bara 秋の薔薇(あきのばら)
..... akisoobi 秋そうび(あきそうび)

kigo for mid-autumn


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fuyubara 冬薔薇 (ふゆばら) rose in winter
fuyu no bara 冬の薔薇(ふゆのばら)winter roses
..... fuyusoobi 冬薔薇(ふゆそうび)
kansoobi 寒薔薇(かんそうび) roses in the cold

kigo for all winter



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Worldwide use

Rose, Roen, Gartenrose


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Things found on the way


A rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles.

Flowers are large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows and reds. Most species are native to Asia, with smaller numbers native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Species, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 7 meters in height. Different species hybridize easily, and this has been used in the development of the wide range of garden roses.

Roses are a favored subject in art and therefore used in various artistic disciplines.
They appear in portraits, illustrations, on stamps, as ornaments or as architectural elements.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !


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HAIKU



夕風や白薔薇の花皆動
yuukaze ya shirobara no hana mina ugoku

wind in the evening -
all the flowers of the white roses
are moving


Written in Meiji 29 - 1896

on the 20th day of the 5th month, there is another poem by Shiki in the diary of Takahama Kyoshi

赤薔薇や萌黄の蜘蛛の這ふて居る
akabara ya moegi no kumo no hoote iru

a red rose -
a light-green spider
crawls on it


moegi iro 萌葱色もえぎいろ #006e54

. - Masaoka Shiki 正岡子規 - .


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raindrops
on the rose buds -
a letter from home

Gabi Greve, 2007

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winter morning -
a few dewdrops on
my last rose


Photo and Haiku, Gabi Greve 2006


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watering plants ...
my frog takes his shower
on a red rose





. Gabi Greve, 2008 .


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Related words

***** Cotton rose, Rose-Mallow (fuyoo, fuyo, fuyoh) Hibiscus mutabilis.


***** Wild Roses (ibara, nobara)

*****Yellow Mountain Rose (yamabuki, Japan)


***** Primula, Japanese primrose (sakura-soo 桜草)

Primula sieboldii
kigo for late spring



sakurasoo 桜草 (さくらそう) primrose
lit. "cherry blossom grass"
purimura プリムラ primula
tokiwa sakura 常盤桜(ときわざくら)
otomezakura 乙女桜(おとめざくら)young lady sakura
hinazakura 雛桜(ひなざくら) hina doll sakura
yagurazakura 楼桜(やぐらざくら)yagura tower sakura
keshoozakura 化粧桜(けしょうざくら)
ichigezakura 一花桜(いちげざくら)"one blossom sakura"


In our country
Even the weeds bear
Cherry blossoms!


By Kobayashi Issa (1763-1827)

. SakuraSo by Linda Inoki .


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kigo for early spring

suhamasoo 洲浜草 (すはまそう) Primula modesta
musumi soo 三角草(みすみそう)
yukiwarisoo 雪割草(ゆきわりそう)"snow-splitting plant"


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kigo for early summer

kurinsoo 九輪草 (くりんそう) "nine circles flower"
Japanese Primrose or Japanese Cowslip
Primula japonica



It comes in variuos colors. It grows wild in many parts of Japan, in the mountains and wetlands.

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Rose Daruma だるま薔薇


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6/16/2006

Romanian Saijiki

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Romanian Saijiki - ROMANIA

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Introducing Romania
This Website is intended to assist travellers who are planning to visit Romania or those who would like to learn more about this country.
http://www.romaniatourism.com/

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General Remarks about this Romanian Saijiki

Romania is a middle-sized country for European standards, but displays a huge diversity in matters of geography and climate. The diversity is even more striking in matters of different cultures represented and the way they interact and influence each other. I have tried to the best of my abilities to reflect that, while avoiding to get too “regional” except for my part of the country (southwestern Transylvania) where I feel more at home.


Religious Festivals and Celebrations

Romania is a very religious country:a recent survey showed that 93% of the population believes in God and 87% identify themselves with one of the recognized religious denominations. Indeed there is no trace of the secularism found in most of western Europe;in this respect, Romania looks more like Mexico or the Philippines.

While most of the country’s inhabitants are Orthodox, Romania also has a significant Catholic population, belonging to three different rites, which has been there since time immemorial. The interaction of the two spiritual and liturgical traditions has shaped the Romanian soul as it is now, a fact recently recognized by the political class, the media etc., who now tend to regard the two Churches as equal-ranking, traditional Churches (a situation similar to that in Germany, the Netherlands, Hungary etc.

I chose to reflect that by listing the religious feastdays of both traditions. It should be noted that the Romanian Orthodox Church uses the Gregorian calendar for all celebrations except Easter and the mobile celebrations depending on the date of Easter (a situation similar to that in Bulgaria and Greece, and unlike that in Russia, Ukraine or Serbia).


Legal and Civic Holidays

(by “civic holiday” I mean a day which is officially commemorated-including those by Government sponsored events-, but is not a legal holiday, i.e. people don’t get a free day from work).


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Abbreviations used:

-for categories: N=nature; OT=Observances and traditions; H=humanity (includes food and elements pertaining to modern life)

-for sections: E=early; M=middle; L=late; 3=all three

-for Religious festivals and celebrations :
C=Catholic, O=Orthodox; O/C=both


For more information about Haiku Activities in Romania see the
EUROPA SAIJIKI
Saijiki for Europa ..... (WKD - EUROPE)



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.. .. .. SPRING

.. .. Season

“timpul fără mere”/”no-apple-season “starts (mid-April).
Apples grown in Romania may roughly be divided into “winter” and “summer apples”. In-between there’s a gap, commonly said to start on St.George’s Day (Apr.14th ) (M)

Văraticul începe/Shepherd’s summertime starts.
Also roughly on St.George’s Day, flocks move up to the highlands, where they find better pastures.

.. .. Heaven

“zăpada mieilor”/”lamb snow”.
Name given to the easy-melting snow fallen in the 1st half of March. Seen as winter’s “farewell”. (E)
Snow (yuki)

.. .. Earth

.. .. Humanity

“School Olympics Week” (usually mid-April).
School contests by subject (from Chemistry to Philosophy and from Computer Sciences to Latin), aka the School Olympics are held throughout the schoolyear. The national finals last for a week, generating a beehive-like atmosphere in the school and a youthful and celebrative atmosphere in the host cities.

.. .. Observances

Mărţişor (March 1st)
an “amulet” given by Romanians to all the important women in their lives. Symbolizes the advent of spring.(E)
Martisor (Amulet)

"Zilele babelor”/“Old-women-days”(March 1st to 8th)
Based on an old legend, one is supposed to pick one of these days with inconsistent weather; if it snows on that particular day, it’s a bad omen, if it’s sunny, it’s a good omen for the rest of the year.(E)

Vopsitul/încondeiatul/ciocnitul ouălor de Paşti/Painting/drawing/knocking of Easter eggs.
No chocolate eggs for Easter! For the Romanians it’s real eggs, hard-boiled,painted (usually in red), or turned into breathtaking artefacts by complicated drawings. One knocks them open by saying “Christ is risen/Indeed he is risen” at each Easter meal (not the ones with drawings!) (M)
Easter .

“Udatul”/“Watering”(the week after Easter).
Originally a Hungarian tradition it entails men(especially single) sprinkling women(especially single) with perfume. Customary in Transylvania now, regardless of ethnic group or denomination;unknown elsewhere. (M)

.. .. Animals

Întoarcerea păsărilor călătoare/cuibăritul berzelor/Migrating birds return/storks nesting(mid-March-mid-April).
Storks’nesting is especially important to farmer families because of the bonds existing between humans and those birds.(M)

Puii ies din ouă/Chicken hatching (mid-April).
An important event in rural and semi-rural areas.(M)

Piţigoi/Titmouse.
This bird should be a spring kigo. It is commonly believed to have two kinds of songs in spring, one heralding a wet summer, the other a dry one. No one cares which “aria” it sings in the rest of the year! (3)

Cărăbuşi/Cock chaffers.
Seen around May Day, they don’t outlast the 1st week of May. (L)

Rusalii/Mayflies;”înflorirea râurilor”/”river flowering”
These ephemera live their short spectacular lives on the rivers in the Far North and Far West, the resulting phenomenon sometimes called “river flowering” (L)

.. .. Plants

Ghiocei/Snowdrops .
The spring kigo par excellence. “Early snowdrops”(late February) are a good omen, their total absence in a year a very bad one. (E).

Flori de liliac/Lilacs.
Flowering in May/early June, some early poets associated their scent with unreciprocated love(L)






.. .. .. SUMMER

.. .. Season

.. .. Heaven

Furtuni de vară/Thunderstorms.
Very common from late May to late August but hardly occur at other times during the year. (3)
Typhoon (Japan)

.. .. Earth

.. .. Humanity

Anul şcolar se încheie/Schoolyear ends (June 15th)
A very festive occasion for everyone!(E)
Graduation

(Melancolia de) Extrasezon fotbalistic/”out-of-soccer-season”(blues).
Soccer season ends in early June and during the few weeks without their favourite pastime and conversation topic,(at least part of) Romania’s male population may suffer from a (scientifically diagnosed!) mild form of depression. (3)

Mersul la mare/Going to the seaside.
The wonderful Black Sea beaches are attractive as early as May Day, but get crowded after the end of the schoolyear(3).

Festivaluri şi concerte în aer liber/Open air concerts and festivals.
A lot of them take place everywhere in summer. A special mention should be made of the Sighişoara Mediaeval Festival which lasts for a whole month (either July or August) (3)

.. .. Observances

Sânziene: June 24th (nights before and after).
Formerly associated with magic, divination and matchmaking, they are now occasions for parties and dances celebrating summer. (E)

Pelerinaje/vizite la mănăstiri/ Pilgrimages/ visits to monasteries.
These increase dramatically on and around Dormition/Assumption Day (Aug.15th );I would rate it as a late summer kigo.
Pilgrimages

.. .. Animals

Ciocârlie/Skylark.
A symbolical bird for Romanians, it is closely associated with the wheat harvest(3)

Urşii se întorc în bârlog/Bears start hibernating (August) (L)

.. .. Plants

Cireşe/Cherries (June)
In the traditional calendar,June is called “Cireşar” (cherry month). Girls sometimes wear them as earrings - a delightful sight. (E)
See also : Cherry Blossoms

Mere de vară/Summer apples.
Powerfully scented, but arguably less nutritious, they can be found from June to mid-August (3).


Sanziana (Galium verum) Lady's Bedstraw, Yellow Bedstraw
and Sanziana Midsummer Rituals


Treieratul grâului/Wheat harvest (3)






.. .. .. AUTUMN

.. .. Season

.. .. Heaven

Ploi mocăneşti / slow-dripping rain
Actually intraductible, but named after a certain category of shepherds, they are the long, slow-dripping rains which make one drowsy and the autumn all the gloomier) 3
.. .. .. .. Rain in various KIGO (Japan)

Prima brumă / First hoarfrost
(as early as September) M

Primul îngheţ / First frost
(usually November) L
see > Frost (shimo, Japan)


.. .. Earth

Stoarcerea strugurilor / Wine pressing (usually October) M
One of the almost ritual agricultural activities: gives an opportunity for joyful family reunions: Romania has a wine-drinking culture, so from the noble vineyards scattered all over the country down to the urban areas where grapes are grown for maybe only 10 litres of wine each year, it’s a busy season!
Grapes and Grape Harvest, Vendanges

Culesul fructelor / Fruit harvest (Sept.-Oct.) 3
The standard image for autumn in our schoolbooks was that of a girl, proudly smiling, surrounded by baskets of fruit. Need I say more? All fruit growing in autumn may be autumn kigo, I gave one of them a special mention in the “Plants” section.
Fruit Harvest (Romania)


.. .. Humanity

Schoolyear begins (Sept.15th )
Almost a public holiday, it is-also for those no longer attending school-a day to remember their teachers, living or dead. E
Schoolyear begins


Must / Sweet wine
In October, even cityfolk get to enjoy sweet wine in (sometimes open air) locales. A whole range of urban folklore has flourished in connection with this Must.
Grapes and Grape Harvest, Vendanges

Pastramă / (a sort of) pemmican.
Thicker than the American version and inextricably associated (by cityfolk) with sweet wine, it is eaten in the same locales and atmosphere as described above. Shepherds and peasants eat it all the time during autumn anyway. M
Pemmican (Romania)


.. .. Observances

Sf. Dumitru/St. Demetrius (Sept.19th )
(O) Patron saint of Bucharest, the capital.In the folk calendar, this is the day when all contracts concluded on St.George’s Day (see Spring) expire and are renewed or not. All payments due as salaries, rents etc. had to be made on this day at the latest and more generally all old scores had to be settled before new deals could be struck. E

Iernaticul începe / Shepherd’s winter starts
Roughly on St. Demetrius’Day (Sept. 19th ), flocks return to the plains to avoid the harsh highland winter. E
Sheperds Winter (Romania)

Naşterea Sf. Fecioare Maria / Nativity of the Virgin Mary;
aka “Sântămăria Mică” / ”Little St. Mary’s” (Sept.8th )
(O/C). Regarded as the beginning of autumn in the folk calendar.
See also the “Animals” section. E


Sf.Paraschiva/St.Paraschiva (Oct.16th )
(O). Patron saint of Moldavia (East) M


“Sâmbra oilor”. A Maramureş
(Far Northwest) tradition linked to the Shepherd’s winter : when wool, cheese etc. are divided among the sheep owners and shepherd aides hired on St. George’s Day receive their pay, according to a certain ritual and not without songs and dancing. Originally a very localized tradition, it became widely known because of tourism. E
Sheperds Winter (Romania)

Toţi Sfinţii/All Saints’Day; Ziua Morţilor / All Souls Day (Nov. 1st /2nd )
Nov.1st is All Saints, whilst the following day is All Souls Day. And these would normally only appear in a Catholic calendar, since the Orthodox have similar celebrations after Easter (see Spring). But in Transylvania, conservative Catholics imposed their custom of commemorating the faithful departed already in the afternoon / evening of Nov.1st while virtually forgetting about the actual All Souls Day .
Orthodox Romanians wanted to follow suit and Orthodox priests were very accomodating on this. Nowadays it is a common custom across Transylvania.
Elsewhere in Romania, the respective calendars are observed as such (at least for the time being) Western-style Halloween is meanwhile also establishing itself (especially in school parties) but is still far less popular than in the West. Anyway, it is a late autumn kigo. L
All Saints’ Day
All Souls' Day


.. .. Animals

Plecarea păsărilor călătoare / Migrating birds leave
(Sept.-early Oct.). Swallows and wild geese are said to leave around “Little St.Mary’s” (Nativity of the Virgin Mary, Sept.8th ), storks and cranes somewhat later. E
Migrating Birds


.. .. Plants

Crizanteme / Chrysanthemums
The floral autumn kigo par excellence. M
Chrysanthemum

Gutui / Quinces
All fruits harvested in autumn-from plums to nuts- can be autumn kigo, but quinces deserve special attention, due to the semi-rituals connected to them. First, fresh-harvested quinces are still too hard to eat, so our mothers used to place them somewhere in the house (window sill, shelf etc.) for softening up; a patience exercise for the kids. They were kept like this sometimes till the onset of winter. No traditional Romanian autumn escapes their image or delicate scent. Secondly, making quince jelly or pell mell is a delicious autumn experience. One should note, however, that, unlike some Slavic peoples, Romanians do not attach any sexual symbolism to quinces. 3
Quince






.. .. .. WINTER

.. .. Season

.. .. Heaven

.. .. Earth

alex serban 01

Haiga by Alex Serban
January 2011


.. .. Humanity

mist in the wind
quietly roams the village -
Santa freezes

carved houses
embroidery frozen -
winter mark


Alex Serban, January 2011



.. .. Observances

National Day of Romania - December 1

Great Union Day -
History of Romania
Let's celebrate !


Alex Serban


.. .. Animals

.. .. Plants

alex serban 02
Painting by Alex Serban








.. .. .. Non-Seasonal Haiku Topics

.. .. Season

.. .. Heaven

.. .. Earth


.. .. Humanity

. Sculptor Constantin Brancusi .  

. Author Ion Luca Caragiale .

. Inventor Henri Coanda .

. Poet Mihai Eminescu . 

. Painter Nicolae Grigorescu .  

. Tudor Gheorghe - Musician .  

. Aurel Vlaicu - Pilot .  



.. .. Observances

.. .. Animals

.. .. Plants






*****************************

Under Construction


BACK TO
The Europa Saijiki



[ . BACK to Worldkigo TOP . ]
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6/10/2006

Ricewine (sake)

[ . BACK to Worldkigo TOP . ]
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Ricewine, rice wine (酒 sake, saké, saki)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: various
***** Category: Humanity


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Explanation

Ricewine is one of the best things of life in Japan!


http://darumasan.blogspot.com/2006/12/sake-and-daruma.html

For all you need to know about this drink, check
Sake World Homepage - John Gauntner


WASHOKU : Jizake, local ricewine brands

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- quote
Kanpai! Sake through the ages

“A civilization stands or falls by the degree to which drink has entered the lives of its people, and from that point of view Japan must rank very high among the civilizations of the world,” observed essayist Kenichi Yoshida in “Japan is a Circle” (1975).

The first foreigners ever to record observations of the Japanese — Chinese envoys of the third century A.D. — noted, “They are much given to strong drink.” Traces on prehistoric pottery suggest fruit-brewing as early as the Jomon Period (c. 12,000 B.C. — c. 300 B.C.). The history we’re embarked on is therefore a very long one — with no end of parties to crash!
MORE
- source : Michael Hoffman - Japan Times - October 2013



Parody of Palace Servants
Heating Sake over a Fire of Maple Leaves

Okumura Masanobu (1686–1764)


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quote
Sake and Japanese Culture
Written by Dr. Koizumi Takeo, Professor,
Tokyo University of Agriculture
Since time immemorial, people have brewed alcohol and enjoyed it as part of their culture. In many parts of the world, alcohol has held a place of honor and been romanticized as an ideal. The Japanese are certainly no exception. Many centuries ago, they began blending their staple food, rice, with pure water and koji micro-organisms to make Nihon-shu (Japanese sake), skillfully taking advantage of nature and local environmental conditions to create a distinctive brew.
...
From beverage of the gods to a drink for the common man
The most potent alcohol in the world
Microorganisms: The secret behind that intriguing fragrance and taste
...
Sake as part of culture
Sake was created by the ancestors of today’s Japanese. For centuries it has been part of the life of almost every person on the archipelago, because of its importance in rites commemorating everything from birth to death. Sake is more than a drink taken to enjoy a tipsy time—it also serves a vital social purpose at the defining moments in life.
and much much more :
source : web-japan.org/nipponia, 2008

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The religious use of sake (o-miki お神酒)
In the word o-miki, the reading "ki" is assigned to the character for sake. As such, the final meaning would again be akin to "the sake that helps one prosper," but perhaps this time there is a bit more of a religious association. Linguistically, sakae-no-ki changed to sakae-no-ke, sakae-ke and sake-ke before arriving at the vernacular manifestation we use today.
source : JOHN GAUNTNER

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. Matsunoo Taisha 松尾大社 Matsunoo Grand Shrine
Matsuno'o Taisha - Matsu-no-o .

a Shrine to honor sake brewing, selling and drinking


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Sake is a beverage fermented from rice, which is a grain. This would make it more of a beer than a wine. Yet, sake is not carbonated, and flavor-wise is closer to wine than beer, although it is indeed uniquely different from wine. Sake is not a distilled beverage, and is not even remotely related to gin, vodka or other spirits.
http://www.sake-world.com/html/sake-faqs.html

... ... ...

Here is one story of John's Sake World about Haiku:

Kotsuzumi, "Koden"Junmaishu, Hyogo Prefecture

The name Kotsuzumi refers to a small drum used in a form of traditional Japanese dancing. The grandfather of the current president was a haiku poetry student of a famous haiku poet, and the name Kotsuzumi was given by that famous poet. He was so into his haiku writing that the sake brewery almost went under, I was told, and in fact the current owner and his father are also poets.

http://www.sake-world.com/html/sw-2004_8.html

A little detour:
More about the Japanese Drums
Japanese Drums by Gabi Greve



kasuyuzake かすゆざけ【糟湯酒】 water with sake lees
This is an old type of drink of the poor people since the Heian period.


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Now let us go back to the kigo with SAKE!

Spring

Ricewine whilst viewing the Cherry Blossoms
hanamizake 花見酒
Cherry Blossoms - Kigo in the Database

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Summer

sweet ricewine, amazake 甘酒、醴
Other kigo versions are:
one-night ricewine, hitoyozake 一夜酒
seller of sweet ricewine, amazake-uri 甘酒売り
shop for sweet ricewine, amazakeya 甘酒屋

Rice for cakes (mochi) is cooked until very soft (kayu) and then special mold (kooji, koji) is added and let ferment for seven, eight hours or over night, hence the naming.
It is drunk hot on warm summer evenings and during the Edo period, sellers would walk around to sell this beverage.
Nowadays it is more consumed on winter evenings.
We can now even buy prepared bags with freeze-dried contents, to be diluted with hot water for fast consumption.
... ... ...

Quote from the Muso Company:

Amazake is popular as a winter drink that warms our bodies. The history of Amazake goes back to the 4th century according to the Chronicles of Japan. Although it is often associated with winter, its season word in Haiku is summer. Years ago when diet was simpler, many people died from the heat of summer. During this period, people started to drink Amazake as a sweet nutritious drink to survive rigorous summers.

Because Amazake is made from brown rice Koji, it includes a rich amount of vitamins, essential amino acids, and glucose created by the Koji. Live enzymes in Amazake are also effective in strengthening the digestive system by accelerating appetite and regular elimination. Nutritionally rich Amazake is popular in and out of Japan for young and old alike since it contains no alcohol.
http://www.muso-intl.co.jp/ENGLISH/Beverages/Amazake.html

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Cold Rice Wine, hiyazake 冷酒
..... reishu 冷酒
..... hiyashizake 冷やし酒


Japanese wine (nihonshu 日本酒), another word for rice wine, is a favorite in summer too.
In summer it is consumed with the normal temperature of the day or nowadays, on the rocks with ice cubes.

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Autumn

nihonshu no hi 日本酒の日 Sake Day
October 1
October is the 10th month.
The Chinese character for the cock 酉, which is the 10th animal in the Asian cycle of 12 animals, is also a part of the kanji for ricewine 酒.
This day has been established in 1965 as 酒造元旦, later re-named in 1978.


Chrysanthemum Ricewine, kiku no sake, kikuzake 菊の酒
(Mid-Autumn)

To prepare Chrysanthemum Wine, you have to float some Chrysanthemum petals in ricewine, appreciate their beauty first and then drink.
(See hokku by Basho below.)


. gumi no sake 茱萸の酒(ぐみのさけ)
sake with silverberries
 
gumi, a plant of the Elaeagnus family

Chrysanthemum Festival
rituals on the ninth day of the ninth month


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New Ricewine, shinshu 新酒
This ricewine is brewed with the first rice crop of a year.

first run of a new sake, abarashiri 新走
ricewine of this year, kotoshizake 今年酒
early rice sake, wasezake 早稲酒

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Ricewine while viewing the Full Moon of Autumn
tsukimizake 月見酒

WKD: MOON and his LINKS

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Winter

Warm sake - toast of the town for winter
atsukan 熱燗 (kigo for all winter)

Hot sake is known as o-kan, or kan-zake in general. Nurukan refers to sake heated to about 40-45 C, whereas atsukan is piping hot sake. Atsukan has its appeal as a curiosity, but you really can't taste much.

Read more By JOHN GAUNTNER
http://www.sake-world.com/html/jt-1999_0.html

The pot to heat the sake can be made from copper or clay. You use a container (chooshi 銚子) and put it into the pot with hot water for indirect heating. A tokkuri (sake container 徳利) is also put into hot water to heat up and when the top feels right, it is taken out of the hot bath and ready for consumption.

Read Gabi Greve about

Tokkuri - Drinking Hot Sake with Daruma 徳利とだるま—焼物散歩

I remember a story about the "invention" of hot rice wine in Ancient China.
The troops would drink cold rice wine every night and have a hangover next day, not able to fight the enemy porperly. So a clever general would serve them heated sake, which made them drunk easily without drinking toooo much. Next morning they would have no hangover and fight the enemy to the end.
Thus the custom of drinking it HOT was born.

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Drinking ricewine before going to bed, nezake 寝酒
Many people drink before going to bed, but on a cold winter night with no central heating in the home, it was essential to have a hot sip before getting to sleep. Therefore it is a kigo for all winter.

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Blowfish fins in Ricewine, hirezake 鰭酒
(all winter)


http://kitchen-h.fem.jp/cgi-bin/column/column/basic/009.html

The dried fins are either left as they are or chopped finely and are then immersed in ricewine. This brew has a special taste and is well loved by connoisseuers. The reaction of the alcohol in the body shows fast, therefore it is usually used as a last farwell drink.

Sometimes a piece of raw blowfish (sashimi) is immersed inthe ricewine, this is also a kigo called "Fish Meat Ricewine" mizake (身酒).

Read more about the Blowfish here
WKD : Blowfish (fugu)

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Brewing ricewine in the cold, kanzukuri 寒造, 寒作り
Ricewine that is brewed with especially cold water in the middle of winter.

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Ricewine whilst viewing the snow falling
yukimizake 雪見酒

WKD Snow (yuki)

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Ricewine with an egg, tamagozake 玉子酒, 卵酒
Since the Edo period this was used as a medicine against cold, because of the nutrition of the egg.
Nowadays sugar is also added to the mixture. Sometimes the pot is set on fire with a match to get rid of the alcohol to give the drink to children.

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Ricewine with ginger, shoogazake 生姜酒
Finely grated or ground ginger is put in a cup and hot sake added to it. This is also a traditional medicine against cold. The flavor of ricewine and ginger go well together and you could sip this brew for hours ...

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Liquor made from pine needles, matsubazake, matsuba sake
松葉酒
まつばざけ, まつはさけ
Tonic liquor flavored with pine needle extracts



Made in May from fresh pine needles, choped finely, with sugar and water added. When left in the sunshine, it starts to ferment. Recently it is also prepared with rice schnaps, shoochuu 焼酎. After half a year the mixture is ready to drink. It is known as a medicine for various ailments in China, Korea and Japan.

Some Korean Recipies  


There is also a schnaps made with Matsutake Mushrooms.
松茸酒

Fresh mushrooms are cut and immersed in shoochu for about 6 months before consumption.
http://www2.tokai.or.jp/fuji-ys/ninjinmatutake.htm

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"Hail Wine", ararezake 霰酒 あられざけ
Also called "Snow Pellet Wine" mizorezake 霙酒 みぞれざけ
This brew has its origin in the year of Keichoo (from 1596) and the hint was taken from the famous pond Sarusawa 猿沢 in Nara.
Rice cakes (mochi) are cut and diluted with rice shnaps (shoochuu) many times until they finally resemble hail stones when chopped. They are put in sweet rice wine (mirin 味醂 ) to mature for a while.
Another way of preparation is using the molded sake (kooji, koji 糀) to imitate the snow pellets.
This sake is a speciality of Nara.


http://www.kitora.com/harusika-araresake.htm


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observance kigo for early winter

tooji kitaru 杜氏来る (とうじきたる)
the sake brewers are coming

..... kura iri 倉入り(くらいり)"entering the storehouse"

In the Edo period, it was customary for farmers to leave home in winter and work in the big sake breweries to make some extra money. Most of them were specialists in their trade. They worked from December for about 100 days, and were thus also called the "workers for 100 days" 百日男.
The most famous regions for these seasonal brewmasters were
Tanba (Tamba Toji) (丹波杜氏), Tajima (但馬杜氏), Noto (能登杜氏) and Nanbu (南部杜氏).
There is even a museum about the Tamba Toji 丹波杜氏酒造記念館.

CLICK for more photos
Tamba Toji


雪消をせむと杜氏の帰りたり
yuki-gie o semu to tooji no kaeritari

when the snow melts
the brewemasters
head home

Sonehara Ikuko 曽根原幾子


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New Year

New Year's Ricewine
... nenshu 年酒
... toshizake としざけ
mulled with spices, toso, o-toso 屠蘇

WKD : Mulled wine (gloegg)


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Kenpaishiki 献盃式 in memory of Saint Shinran
Drinking sake in a memorial service, at temple Honganji and others
January 1.

. Shinran Shonin 親鸞聖人 and Kigo

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A sake barrel,
Born without hands, makes merry —
Cherry blossom time


Ihara Saikaku (1642-1693)


Sake Barrels exhibited at Shinto Shrines

Click for more information !

Sake Barrels, Decoration Barrels
Explanations are here !


sakagomo 酒薦(さかごも)straw mat to cover a barrel
waramushiro 藁蓆(わらむしろ)straw mat / komo 薦


source : library.metro.tokyo.jp/portals
sugoroku game with famous sake barrels
新撰銘酒寿語禄(しんせんめいしゅすごろく)
by 梅素亭玄魚(1817-1880)


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The deity of the shrine in Kyoto is known as a
God of Japanese sake.
. Shrine Matsuo Taisha 松尾大社


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Worldwide use

Germany

Reiswein

Aus grünem Bambus
Reiswein genießen. Abschied
für die Studenten.

(Saskia Ishikawa Franke)
Ein elegisches Epigramm.
http://kulturserver-nds.de/home/haiku-dhg/Archiv/Fitterer_Epigramm.htm

..... ..... .....

Ein Greis sitzt am Fluss,
Schenkt sich `ne Schale Reiswein
Ein Volkslied summend.


Hungki Park
http://www.e-stories.de/gedichte-lesen.phtml?10965

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Things found on the way


Battledore Game

This game reached Japan from Japan during the Muromachi period, where it became a pastime for the court nobles and their children. When grown ups played it in teams, the loosing part had to drink a coup of rice wine.

Battledore game - Kigo in our Database


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Read Gabi Greve about

Sake and Shochu - Ricewine, Schnaps and Daruma
酒、焼酎と達磨 — 晩酌散歩



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A Japanese link with haiku about rice shnaps, shoochuu
焼酎の俳句
http://plaza.rakuten.co.jp/hiromuworld/5000

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HAIKU


. Sake - Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


草の戸や日暮てくれし菊の酒
kusa no to ya higurete kureshi kiku no sake

this grass door -
dusk arrives with a present
of chrysanthemum ricewine
Tr. Gabi Greve


Written in 1691, on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month
元禄4年9月9日

His disciple Kawai Otokuni 河合乙州 brought a barrel of rice wine.
Basho stayed at temple Gichu-Ji at Mumyooan 義仲寺無名庵 Mumyo-An.

. Kawai Otokuni 川井乙州/ 河井乙州 / 河合乙州.
(1675 - 1720)

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花にうき世我が酒白く飯黒し
hana ni ukiyo waga sake shiroku meshi kuroshi

cherry blossoms
in this fleeting world - my rice wine is white
my rice is black


MORE
- Discussion and ukiyo hokku by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .



Nigori or nigorizake (濁り酒) is a variety of sake, an alcoholic beverage produced from rice. Its name translates roughly to cloudy because of its appearance. It is about 14–17% alcohol by volume.

Normal sake is usually filtered to remove grain solids left behind after the fermentation process, however nigori sake remains unfiltered, resulting in a far cloudier drink.
© More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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蒼海の浪酒臭し今日の月
sookai no nami sake kusashi kyoo no tsuki

blue seas
breaking waves smell of rice wine
tonight's moon

Tr. Jane Reichhold


MORE translations and discussion :
. WKD : Moon Haiku .


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柴付けし馬のもどりや田植樽 
shiba tsukeshi / uma no modori ya / taue daru (tauedaru, taue-daru)

A barrel of rice wine offered at the end of the rice planting season.



MORE - Ricewine sake haiku by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 - Archives of the WKD .


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親鳥のぬくめ心地や玉子酒
shinchoo no nukume kokochi ya tamagozake

正岡子規 Masaoka Shiki
http://www.suien.net/shiki/kansyo.htm

... ...

their stems dipped
in refined sake,
these drooping wisteria flowers
have recovered,
have revived!
(tr S. Goldstein)

Masaoka Shiki (1867-1902)


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鰭酒に酔ひける夜の星の下
hirezake ni yoikeru yo no hoshi no shita

getting drunk on
blowfish fin sake this night
unter the stars


遠藤和良 Endo Kazuyoshi
http://www.endo-kazuyoshi.com/haiku/04.htm


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爐びらきや 雪中庵のあられ酒  
robiraki ya sekichuuan no ararezake

opening the hearth -
in my hut surrounded by snow
a sip of snow pellet wine
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

. Yosa Buson 与謝蕪村 in Edo .

robiraki is itself a kigo for early winter.

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旬のゑらぶみぞれふる夜のあられ酒
ku no erabu mizore furu yo no ararezake

selecting haiku
on an evening with pellet snow -
a sip of hail wine
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Kikaku

http://www.kitora.com/harusika-araresake.htm

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花びらを吹いて楽しむ花見酒
hanabira o fuite tanoshimu hanamizake

blowing flower petals
and enjoying
rice wine under cherry blossoms


Hajko
http://www2.saganet.ne.jp/vastalto/hajko/hajk2000.html

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amazake 甘酒

amazake no nukumori daite haru o matsu

holding on to a cup
of sweet rice wine -
waiting for spring
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Mayuzumi Madoka 黛まどか

This is a haiku on a bag of sweet sake preparation, winner of a haiku contest about sweet sake from Morinaga Company.
http://morinaga.co.jp/amazake/haiku/index.html


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方言に耳慣れて来しぬくめ酒
hoogen ni mimi narete kishi nukumezake

finally I get used
to the local dialect -
warm sake


Inoue Fumiko 井上芙美子


nukui is an expression used in Western Japan for warm or hot.


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Matsuo Basho in the year Genroku 6


寒菊や醴造る窓の前
kangiku ya amazake tsukuru mado no saki

winter chrysanthemums
it makes a sweet drink
in front of the window

Tr. Reichhold


winter chrysanthemum--
heating sweet wine
in front of the window

Tr. Barnhill

Reichhold says that the drink is a milky liquid, and she thinks Basho is comparing its color to white winter chrysanthemums, "which were probably covered with oiled white paper."


MORE food and drink hokku by
. Matsuo Basho 松尾芭蕉 .



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!!! Special Feature of the World Kigo Database :
Santoka and Sake 。。山頭火と酒の俳句 
 Santooka


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寒造透かせグラスの江戸切子
kanzukuri sukase-gurasu no Edo kiriko

rice wine brewed in the cold -
a transparent glass of
old Edo cut glass


吉岡ゆたか Yoshioka Yutaka
www5.ocn.ne.jp/~turu/kukai/g_200503.html


. Edo kiriko 江戸切子 and KIGO  


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kanzukuri 寒造, 寒作り brewing rice wine in the cold

柿渋を塗りし手桶や寒造
Abe Gassanko 阿部月山子

並蔵はひびきの灘や寒作り
Kikaku 其角

佇めばつぶやく醪寒造
Kishi Fuusanro 岸風三楼 Fusanro

白水の川の出来たと寒造り
Kobayashi Issa 一茶

蔵梯子たわむをのぼり寒造
Miyashita Suishuu 宮下翠舟 Suishu

門前に竜の玉あり寒造り
Mori Sumio 森澄雄)

蔵入りの杜氏は初心を失はず
Nakai Yokaroo 中井余花朗

その情けこそ 寒づくり
Nishiyama Sooin 奥深き 西山宗因 Soin

二階より桶つりおろす寒造
Nishiyama Shookoshi 西山小鼓子

寒造り渚の如く米沈む
. Yamaguchi Seishi 山口誓子.


MORE from Issa about Sake :
一茶ほろにが酒
- source : www.h6.dion.ne.jp/~jofuan

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Related words

. WASHOKU
futsukayoi, futsuka-yoi 【二日酔い 】hangover, Kater
 
and some natural remedies for it !

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sakaya 酒屋 sake shop, liquor shop

梅咲くや酒屋へ一里黄泉へ二里
ume saku ya sakaya e ichiri yomi e niri

plums are blossoming -
one ri distance to the liquor shop
two ri distance to the Yellow Springs


Anai Futoshi 穴井太 (1926 - 1997)

. yomi 黄泉 "the yellow springs" netherworld .

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とうふ屋と酒屋の間を冬篭
tôfu ya to sakaya no ai wo fuyugomori

between tofu shop
and the tavern...
my winter seclusion

Tr. Lanoue

. 小林一茶 Kobayashi Issa and Tofu .


- - - - - Senryu

Some coin-string vendors were quite vicious and hang around shops and stores to "force" their owners to buy the string. A lot of senryu have been written about them.

いらぬさし買って酒屋はしずかなり
iranu sashi katte sakaya wa shizuka nari

he bought money strings
that were not needed, now the sake shop
is all quiet


He had to keep them in the second floor of his shop and could not accomodate any customers there for a while.


. Doing Business in Edo - 江戸の商売 .



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***** Deafness-curing sake (jirooshu)

***** Mirin (sweet sake for cooking) Japan

***** SUMMER Drinks Japan
Including sweet rice wine (amazake), beer, ice shavings with flavor (kakigoori), barley tea (mugicha), strong liquor (shochu) and many more

***** World Kigo Database: Hot Drinks List

***** Egg Nog

***** Hot Whiskey (Toddy, Irish Coffee)

***** Mulled wine (gloegg, Gluehwein)


***** Iced Coffee, aisu-koohii (Japan) Hot Coffee

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WASHOKU : Jizake, local rice wine brands

WASHOKU ... Japanese Food SAIJIKI


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[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]
[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
- #sake #ricewine #barrel #sakagomo #komo -
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6/02/2006

Rainy Season (tsuyu)

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Rainy Season (tsuyu 梅雨)

***** Location: Japan
***** Season: Mid-Summer
***** Category: various


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Explanation

The rainy season is part and parcel of a farmer's life in Japan, some haiku masters even consider it a season in itself. There are many kigo related to this time, we will explore some of them here.

In 2005, we have parts of Northern Japan almost flooded with seasonal rain, whereas in Western Japan, where I live, there has not been a decent drop of rain for weeks on end, the terraced rice fields are dry and the rice could not be planted.

I have written about the Gods of the Elements,which make our life so unpredictable.

Also refer to this entry for more about the rains:
WHC World Kigo Database: Rain in various kigo





leaves dancing
in the forest mist -
may rain

The rainy season lasts usually from early June till the middle of July. Most days are cloudy and we have strong showers, sometimes on a daily bases. TSUYU, bai-u 梅雨, literally means "Rain on the Plums", because these fruit are ripe now and farmers prepare dried plums (umeboshi) as a staple for the summer.

Now let us look at the kigo.

Gabi Greve

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Kigo for the Season

beginning of the rainy season, nyuubai 入梅, tsuyuiri 梅雨入, tsuyu hajimaru 梅雨はじまる
entering into the rainy season, tsuyu ni iru 梅雨にいる
feeling like the rainy season is coming, tsuyu no kehai 梅雨の気配
feeling cold during the rainy season, tsuyu samu 梅雨寒, tsuyu samushi, tsuyubie 梅雨冷, samuki tsuyu寒き梅雨

This used to be the14th day of the 5th lunar month as a haiku season, but now it would be
6th of June.
The actual date varies from year to year.


humid heat, sultry, mushiatsushi (mushiatsui) 蒸し暑し/ 蒸暑
..... shissho 湿暑 ... jokusho じょくしょ 溽暑
humidity, shikke 湿気
... toward the end of the rainy season (late summer)

end of the rainy season, tsuyu-ake 梅雨明け, tsuyu agaru 梅雨あがる
after the rainy season, tsuyu no ato 梅雨のあと

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Kigo for the Heavens

sky of the rainy season, tsuyuzora 梅雨空,
................................tsuyu no sora 梅雨の空,
"plum sky", baiten 梅天

sky of the fifth month, satsukizora 皐月空 (old lunar calendar)
stars of the rainy season, tsuyu no hoshi 梅雨の星
moon of the rainy season,tsuyu no tsuki 梅雨の月
clouds of the rainy season, tsuyugumo 梅雨雲, tsuyugumori 梅雨雲り: kigo for mid-summer
.............................................satsukigumo 皐月雲

rain in May before the rainy season, "running rainy season"
......hashirizuyu 走り梅雨, tsuyu no hashiri 梅雨の走り
before the rainy season, maezuyu 前梅雨
welcoming the rainy season, mukaezuru 迎え梅雨

rainy season, tsuyu 梅雨、bai-u 
rainfront of the season bai-u zensen 梅雨前線
............ ( a word used in the weather forecast)
time of the rainy season, tsuyudoki 梅雨時

humid southern wind, shippuu 湿風
..... onpuu 温風
In late summer, toward the end of the rainy season, bringing wet air from the ocean.

green rainy season, aotsuyu 青梅雨
..... (rain on the green leaves of the forest)

wild rainy season, arazuyu 荒梅雨
thunder during rainy season, tsuyu kaminari 梅雨雷, tsuyu no rai梅雨の雷 (kigo for mid-summer)

no rain in the season, empty rainy season、karatsuyu 空梅雨
..... drought in the rainy season, hideritsuyu 旱梅雨
..... karetsuyu 涸梅雨


bacteria rain, bai-u 黴梅雨
..... (we have a lot of mold during the season)


spell of fine weather during the rainy season, tsuyu harema 梅雨晴れ間
..... tsuyubare 梅雨晴、tsuyu no hare 梅雨の晴, tsuyu haru 梅雨晴る

satsukibare 五月晴 さつきばれ fine weather in the fifth lunar month
(the period of the rainy season)



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Worldwide use


Germany

Regenzeit
Schwüle



Nun dringt die Schwüle
selbst in grünenden Schatten
ermattender Schlaf


Beate Conrad, Germany, 2009


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India

Monsoon ..(India, South Asia) a season in itself in India.
Rains – called Varsha - in the months of Shravan and Bhadrapad, approximately July and August .
The INDIA SAIJIKI


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Things found on the way



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HAIKU


入梅や蟹かけ歩大座敷
nyûbai ya kani kake-aruku ôzashiki

rainy season--
a crab strolls into
the sitting room

Issa

Tr. by David Lanoue. There are more haiku by Issa:
http://cat.xula.edu/issa/searchissa.php?sorter=date&s_string=rainy+season&season=&s_date=

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梅雨明けに心晴れ晴れ青い空
tsuyu-ake ni kokoro harebare aoi sora

rainy season is over -
my heart is all shining
the sky so blue

.. .. ..

会いたくて会えないままに梅雨明け
aitakute aenai mama ni tsuyu ake

wanting to meet you
but it was not ment to be -
rainy season is over

Akiko
(Tr. Gabi Greve)
http://www.geocities.co.jp/Bookend-Akiko/3296/haiku022.htm

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鰐口のにぶき響や走り梅雨
waniguchi no nibuki hibiki ya hashirizuyu

the sound of the temple gong
so different -
rainy season is coming

内山照久 Uchiyama Teruhisa
(Tr. Gabi Greve)

On this link there are many more haiku about the coming rainy season.
http://www.haisi.com/saijiki/hasirituyu2.htm

waniguchi , crocodile mouht, is a flat temple gong, which looks like the open mouth of a crocodile. Some musicians say instruments sound more flat during the rains.

See my story about Jindai-Ji Temple and Daruma

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小太鼓の少女の微笑梅雨晴間
kodaiko no shoojo no bishoo tsuyu harema

the little girl's smile
when banging the drum -
fine weather during the rainy season

朝吹英和 Asabuki Hidekazu

.. .. ..

青梅雨の素焼きの鉢の重たかり
aotsuyu no suyaki no hachi no omotakeri

rain on green leaves -
the pot without a glaze
feels so heavy

小林 檀 Kobayashi Dan

(Tr. Gabi Greve)

Many more haiku abou the rainy season:
http://www.geocities.jp/haiku_square/sq.04.07.html

See my explanation about Drums of Japan

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may rain -
the temple garden

shrouded in red

At Mt. Koya, Koya-san

© Photo and Haiku by Gabi Greve


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rainy season -
all the different shades of
green

long summer rain . . .
the weeds grow wild
with every drop


Gabi Greve, June 2010


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Related words



***** World Kigo Database: Monsoon

***** Drought (hideri, Japan)

..... Mildew, mold (kabi)  Japan
Schimmelpilz 


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